Children and Technology Growing Up in the Modern World...

Children growing up in the modern world of today would rather stay inside and play on the internet, watch television, or play video games than go outside and play. Serious repetitive strain injuries suffered after spending hours glued to game consoles is up 60% since 2002 (Par. 5 Clarke). Technology and modern society have created lifestyle changes that are detrimental to the well being of children. First, this paper will discuss the effects of technology and modern society on the physical and mental health of the children. Second, the paper will discuss the dangers to children resulting from new technology. Lastly, the paper will discuss the modern lifestyle changes in families and their effects on the children. Children†¦show more content†¦According to a case study done on Amish and Mennonite families that have resisted new technology, children in such cultures tend to be leaner than their modern society counterparts (Pg. 1 Bassett). Amish and Mennonite lifestyles still i nclude physical activity to obtain the basics of life - food, shelter, and clothing. The children are required to help on the farm with daily chores without the use of modern equipment. They do not have the modern conveniences of transportation . Inactivity in children is a contributing factor to childhood health problems and modern technology has to except partial blame for the inactivity of modern society children. The average U.S. child now watches 2.5 hours of television per day along with an increase in time spent on video games and computer and internet use. There is also evidence of a decreasea decrease in walking related transportation and an increase in the use of privately owned vehicles (Pg.2 Bassett). All of the above factors explain the increase in childhood obesity for the children growing up in the modern world. The Amish and Mennonite cultures are similar to the world before technology. They do not include the use of televisions, computers, video games, and autom obiles in their lifestyle. Some results of studies on Amish and Mennonite children show that Amish children have dramatically lower obesity rates. The study also revealed Amish children take 5000-6000 steps per day moreShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Technology On Younger Children1319 Words   |  6 PagesHealth Effects from the Use of Technology in Younger Children The modern times we live in today are constantly changing in hopes that we as humans thrive successfully. To be more specific, technological advancements are driving our society into new feats that could never be imagined in the past. Thanks to this technology, we have excelled in vital fields such as medicine, education, engineering, and many more aspects that can be considered vital for our benefit, let alone our existence. Modern technologyRead MoreTechnology And Its Harm To Future Generations Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesTechnology And Its Harm To future Generations Will the usage of computers in a classroom setting result in adverse effects on young future generations? No doubt, for years has this been an ongoing argument concerning the educational system. Because computer use is promoted in schools, and because computers are so ubiquitous, children have a great deal of exposure to them. Not everyone, however, is comfortable with the use of computers by young children. Educators, Professors, Parents, and SchoolRead MoreEssay Food Secuirty and Malnutition in the World829 Words   |  4 PagesThe growing population of over seven billion has caused many people to worry about food security and malnutrition. Currently, there is enough food to feed everyone in the world but equal distribution is a major problem. 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New technology is making bullyingRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Brain1224 Words   |  5 PagesFor the generation of millennials, technology has been around probably as long as they can remember. However, the presence of technology has effects on development that are not necessarily for the better or worse. Robin Marantz Henig in her essay â€Å"What is it about 20-Somethings† writes of a developing phenomenon that could become a new stage of life, â€Å"emerging adulthood†, and whether supporting it is the right idea. In the article â€Å"The Limits of Friendship†, Maria Konnikova discusses the Dunbar numberRead MoreTechnology Is The Work Place Environment1447 Words   |  6 Pagesthat technology is affecting is the work place environment. Many companies and jobs are using cutting-edge technology to help make work easier. More than 81% of employees work using their personal mobile devices and 33% of Americans use at least three devices for work (Miller-Merrell, â€Å"46% of Managers Believe Employees Misuse Social Media and Work Technology†). Using technology can make it easier to get ahold of someone faster and to draw more attention over the World Wide Web. The web can be usedRead MoreGlobalizatons and Cherokees673 Words   |  3 Pagesevery changing world. Once a culture of people that held high their beliefs and way of life w as nearly an extinct culture after the European, and colonization forced these people out of their land. It is important to see look at the affects that globalization has on the Cherokee people because looking at this we can see how globalization affects human dignity both in a positive manner and in a negative manner. The education institutions that are on the boundary give the Cherokee children the right toRead MoreNegative Effects Of Digital Appliances1236 Words   |  5 Pages Negative Effects of Digital Appliances Digital appliances have rapidly taken over everything people do from communication to planning events, and consumers do not always understand the negative effects. The negative effects include a lack of social and educational development in a child. Issues such as relationship compatibility are prominent. Digital addiction and cyberbullying can lead to serious life-changing health issues. In our ever-growing technological world, more digital appliancesRead MoreEducation, Communication, And Evolution Of Human Intelligence Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pages and evolution of human intelligence, technological advancement in the world today has grown to unprecedented levels. For example, as a result of technology, patients can remotely interact with medics located in different parts of the world through telehealth/telemedicine. In the field of education, students do not necessarily need to visit libraries to access books; there are several soft copies of books online that they can acces s from the comfort of their desktop computers, laptops or even mobileRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1560 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment that has been created, it can never fully replace the value received from personal interaction with others. The short film titled, The Library Book, perfectly illustrates this as the characters within the film learn to assimilate in a society dominated by social media. The actions of each character and their surroundings are an indicator of both the advantages and negative aspects of technology. As depicted in the film, social media has had a growing impact on how society performs routine

Untold Stories About Best Research Paper Writing Service Online You Really Need to Read or Be Left Out

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Commentary Shakespeare Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Commentary Shakespeare Hamlet Essay In the passage of Shakespeares Hamlet, a deeply distressed Hamlet reflects profoundly on the question of whether it is better to live or to die. The soliloquy brings the extent of Hamlets anguish into sharp focus and gives a penetrating insight into his thoughts on life, death and the afterlife.  Railing against the unrelenting suffering and injustice that he believes to be inherent in life, Hamlet is driven by the burden of despair to contemplate taking his own life. Whilst he is attracted to the idea that suicide may bring deliverance from the interminable pain of life, the allure of the idea is more than countered by what Hamlet describes as the dread of something after death (Line 85). The something which he refers to is clearly not benign, and justifies enduring the pain of life rather than journeying into the unknown. Themes of revenge and death are intertwined throughout the play. Hamlets quest for revenge began with the death of his father, and will end only with the death of Claudius. Shakespeare portrays Hamlets fear of death and thoughts of suicide through the use of repetition and alliteration.  Shakespeare used repetition of the short phrase To Die; to Sleep (lines 67 and 71) to stress Hamlets hope that death would obliterate the pain of life. This phrase was used on two occasions to compare Hamlets thoughts on death and the afterlife, and also the reasons for his contemplating suicide. When first introduced, the phrase is used to demonstrate Hamlets view of death as being a means of escaping to an afterlife in which the pain of life is put to rest. The very fact that Hamlet is contemplating suicide suggests that he has been overcome by his quest for revenge. This anguish is the result the whips and scorns of time (line 77); which for Hamlet is his mothers hasty marriage to the murderer in addition to his unrequited love for Ophelia. Hamlet hopes that death is nothingness, a gift that ends thinking, knowing and remembering. The second use of the phrase to die, to sleep; in Line 71 reveals Hamlets contradicting theory that following death, his conscience will be haunted by aspects of the unbearable life he lead. This showcases Hamlets fears that he may be condemned to walk the earth similar to his father. In the soliloquy, Hamlet states that it is the fear of the unknown that forces humankind to prolong their suffering by accepting and resigning themselves to the baseness of those around them. Shakespeare uses alliteration throughout the soliloquy to reinforce themes of death and the fears associated with the ambiguity of the afterlife. In line 86, the dread of something after death, the letter d is repeated. Shakespeare uses harsh letters in his alliterations to reflect the importance of the impending decision Hamlet is to make. In the sentence Hamlet verbalises the extent to which he fears the afterlife. The sentence suggests that, though his life was full of heartache, his apprehension of the afterlife would most likely prevent him from ever committing suicide. Alliteration was also used for the phrase bare bodkin in line 83, in which Shakespeare is referring to a dagger. The dagger represents death as an escape route, in which something as simple as a knife can remove all the desolation from life.  In addition to death being a common theme to both alliterations, they also relate back to Hamlets two theories of the afterlife. The first alliteration illustrated his dismay that perhaps the pain of life may never be left behind, not even after death. Through the second alliteration of bare bodkin Shakespeare draws attention to the temptation of suicide. When Hamlets life began to unravel death appeared to be the only means of attaining relief from his acute emotional distress. Despite death being an easy option Hamlets conscience would not allow him to look past the possibility that he may be condemned to walk the earth, similar to his father. .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 , .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 .postImageUrl , .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 , .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133:hover , .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133:visited , .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133:active { border:0!important; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133:active , .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133 .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8164d875bfc99b4076dcd6ececd92133:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Blood Brothers EssayUnderstanding Hamlets fears of death and the afterlife enables the reader to more accurately interpret his urge to exact revenge. Hamlets desire to seek revenge was fuelled by the striking memory he has of his father walking the earth in a state of purgatory. However, the above theories suggest that Hamlet is unsure if he has the potential to murder, especially if ones misdeeds from life haunt the soul after death. This results in constant hesitation throughout his pursuit of revenge. These fears are reinforced by Hamlets hesitation to murder Claudius whilst he is praying for reasons related to fears of what lies in the afterlife.  The soliloquy strongly reflects themes of death and the ambiguity of the afterlife. Through repetition and alliteration the reader understands Hamlets suicidal thoughts and his desire to be liberated from the pain in his life. This gives the reader further understanding of the torment that he encounters whilst avenging his fathers murder.

Lab Earth Science lab Essay Example

Lab Earth Science lab Essay Complete the following table based on the observations you made during the lab. Experiment Observations Cold water After I had opened the bottle, condensation rose to the top of the water bottle where the air was. Cold water plus match With water plus the match, the smoke from the match causing condensation displaced air. Hot water With hot water, the steam covered the top of the bottle. Hot water plus match With the match in the smoke went all the way to the bottom of the bottle to make a cloud. (5 points) 2. Why do you think the presence of smoke contributed to cloud formation? Answer: think the presence of the smoke contributed to cloud formation since the moisture in the bottle from the water collects smoke particles which form into clouds. In the sky water molecules cling onto solid particles. (5 points) 3. What role did pressure play in the formation of the clouds? Answer: Pressure played a huge role, the atmospheric air pressure pushed up the smoke where it reaches the top of the bottle collects water molecules and is pushed back down forming a cloud. 4. Based on what you have discovered, which of the following conditions would lead to the formation of clouds? 1 . Moist air moves up as it encounters a mountain range. 2. High pressure is moving into an area. 3. The air over a large parking lot is warmer in the afternoon than the surrounding park is. 4. The horse latitudes are areas Of sinking air. 5. Low pressure moves into your area. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Earth Science lab specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Earth Science lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Earth Science lab specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Critique on Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read Essay Example

Critique on Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read Essay Example Critique on Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read Paper Critique on Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read Paper Francine Prose, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read† â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read† Essay Introduction In Francine Prose’s â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read: How American High School Students Learn to Loathe Literature†, the author is trying to explain why high school students are not asked to read more quality pieces of literature now a days. In my opinion I agree with Prose because I think the texts we read in high school are not challenging and not a lot of students enjoy the readings because they cannot relate. Prose uses the rhetorical strategy of degrading the books high school students are reading and she uses her own personal experiences to support her argument. Literature in high schools Throughout the essay, Prose argues that literature in high schools are dumbing down the English curriculum. She says books that are â€Å"chosen for students to read are for ‘obvious lessons. ’† However, Prose does not mention â€Å"great† books that students should read and that will help them to understand what the characters are feeling. â€Å"†¦The weaker novels of John Steinbeck, the fantasies of Ray Bradbury,† (424). Prose explains how her sons never read the better of Steinbeck’s novels in high school and she makes the assumption that all high school students read the so-called weaker Steinbeck novels. English curriculum issue She also makes an argument that the English curriculum is an important issue both culturally and politically. If both the teachers and books are not challenging the young students minds, then how can we expect them to understand challenging books. â€Å"We hear the more books are being bought and sold than ever before, yet no one, as far as I know, is arguing that we are producing and becoming a nation of avid readers of serious literature† (423). Again, Prose brings up her own personal experience and what she has heard. From what she has heard, people today are not reading â€Å"serious† literature. She does not even go to defend her argument and further explain what she means by â€Å"serious literature† and â€Å"avid readers. † The first point that Prose makes in her essay is that she is not satisfied with her two sons’ educations. Prose is the kind of person who has a huge passion for good books and she finds herself â€Å"appalled each year by the dismal lists of texts that my sons are doomed to waste a school year reading,† (422). She does not understand why the older and well-known authors are not being read in high school. Prose uses a personal experience from her son’s sophomore English class. He had to read a â€Å"weeper and former bestseller by Judith Guest† (424), about a dysfunctional family dealing with a teenage son’s suicide attempt. â€Å"No instructor has ever asked my sons to read Alice Munro, who writes so lucidly and beautifully about the hypersensitivity that makes adolescence a hell,†(424). She again mentions books she approves of that should be read in English classes. Another big point in Prose’s essay is the assignments associated with high school literature. Role of the teacher She argues that teachers make students write around the books and not about the books they read. â€Å"No wonder students are rarely asked to consider what was actually written by these hopeless racists and sociopaths. Instead, they’re told to write around the book, or, better yet, write their own books,† (430). The assignments that teachers give these days are nto about the book or the story itself. They usually ask the student to rewrite the ending, or ask what the student would do if they were in the same situation as the character. Prose argues that high school students are seen as having the same experience as some of the characters they read about, such as Jay Gatsby in The Great Gatsby. â€Å"And is it any wonder that teenagers should complete these exercise with little but contempt for the writer who so pointlessly complicated and obfuscated a personal true story that sixteen year olds could have told so much more interestingly themselves? † (431). However, in this part of her essay, Prose can get a little bias because she only talks about the negative assignments. Books should only be discussed for their language We all know that not all high school assignments are like the ones she mentions and she knows that too. The last point in Prose’s argument is that she only talks about that books should only be discussed for their language. This is one point where I disagree with her because I think that books can be discussed for their value as well as their language. Prose thinks that, â€Å"The present vogue for teaching â€Å"values† through literature uses the novel as a springboard for the sort of discussion formerly conducted in civics or ethics classes,†(427). I do not agree with this statement because not all high schools are able to offer civics classes. My high school, for example, did have a civics class but it was more driven towards the History end than English literature classes. So the only place for values in literature be discussed was during English class. Also, English class should not only be about the language. Students should learn the value of the story also through discussion and assignments. â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read† Essay Conclusion In conclusion, Francine Prose does have a couple of good arguments in her paper, â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read: How American High School Students Learn to Loathe Literature†. She argues her opinion that students in high school English classes are not getting good education because of the weak pieces of literature they are reading. Prose however, can be a little bias and bases to much of her essay on her personal experiences. Prose, Francine. â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Cannot Read: How American High School students Learn to Loathe Literature. † Harper’s Magazine. 1999: 422-435. Print

Pronouncing the Spanish W

Pronouncing the Spanish W Unlike most letters of the Spanish alphabet, the w (officially called the uve doble and sometimes ve doble, doble ve or doble u) does not have a fixed sound. That is because the w is native to neither Spanish nor to Latin, from which Spanish evolved. In other words, the w appears only in words of foreign origin. As a result, the w is usually pronounced similarly to its pronunciation in the words original language. Since English is the language most commonly used as a foreign source of words in modern Spanish, the w is most frequently pronounced like its common pronunciation in English, the sound the letter has in words such as water and witch. If you come across a Spanish word with a w and dont know how its pronounced, you can usually give it the English w pronunciation and be understood. It isnt uncommon for native Spanish speakers to add a g sound (like the g in go but much, much softer) at the beginning of the w sound. For example, waterpolo is often pronounced as if it were spelled guaterpolo, and hawaiano (Hawaiian) is often pronounced as if it were spelled haguaiano or jaguaiano. This tendency to pronounce the w as if it were gw varies with region and among individual speakers. In words of Germanic origin other than English, the Spanish w is often pronounced as if it were a b or v (the two letters have the same sound). In fact, this is often true even for some words that come from English; wter (toilet) is often pronounced as if it were spelled vter. An example of a word usually pronounced with the b/v sound is wolframio, a word for the metal tungsten. For some words that have been part of Spanish for several generations or more, alternative spellings have been developed. For example, wter is often spelled as vter, whisky (whiskey) is often spelled as gà ¼isqui, and watio (watt) is often vatio. Changes in spelling are uncommon with recently imported words. Reference sources used for this lesson include the Diccioinario panhispnico de dudas (2005) published by the Spanish Royal Academy.

Analysis paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analysis paper 2 - Essay Example Though born and raised as a girl, her sexual orientation started changing when she was in high school, always opting to express masculine characteristics, despite the fact that she had male testosterone hormones that would make her sexually function as a man. At birth, she was given a female name, Teena Brandon, which she reversed later on, to adapt the name Brandon Teena, which would display her as a man. However, a brother of a woman she once dated discovered that she was anatomically female, an incident that forces her to run away from her childhood neighborhood, to Falls City, Nebraska where she forges friendship with an ex-convict male John Lotter and his friends Nissen, Candace and Lana, a woman with whom Brandon later establishes a romantic relationship (Shamir and Jennifer, 59). Lana is unaware of the biological sex and the female anatomical body characteristics of Brandon, until Brandon is arrested and charged in a court of law, for some crime she had previously committed. T his presents the perfect opportunity for the biological sex of Brandon to be revealed, since she is placed in a female prison section, and identified by her female birth name, Teena Brandon (Shamir and Jennifer, 21). Lana bails Brandon out and on questioning her why she had been placed in the female section of the cell, she lies to her that she was a hermaphrodite, and was in the process of securing a Sex reassignment surgery, would leave her as a man. However, the media reporting through a newspaper publishes the case of Brandon arrest, incidentally identifying her by her female birth name. This raises suspicion amongst her male friends, who then seizes an opportunity to force her to undress and showcase her real sex even to her girlfriend, Lana (Shamir and Jennifer, 77). The two male friends; Lotter and Nissen subsequently forces her into a car and take her to a secluded place, where they raped her and threatened her not to raise the issue with the police. However, her girlfriend implored on her to file a report with the police, something that she does. Eventually the two friends who had raped her realize it, and make a plan to murder her. They eventually execute the plan and shot her and her friend Candace, while Lana is left crying over her dead body, having been unable to protect them from killing her friends. Analysis The film, Boys Don't Cry (1999), is a wholesomely gendered piece, revolving around the life of a female, who is uncomfortable with her biological sex status, and is striving to forge a different identity as a male, an attempt that finally leads to her loss of life. In this film, the position of the female is a subordinate to that of the female, and the male dominates the society, through doing everything as they please, while the female gender must conform to a certain social path. The problem in this case is that Brandon, the main character in the film is dominated by the estrogen Hormone, which makes her a non-operative transgendered fema le-to-male individual. Through the dominance of the estrogen Hormone, Brandon is anatomically female, and she struggles very

An individual research based report on the rold of business and Essay

An individual research based report on the rold of business and conceptual modelling within the context of information systems d - Essay Example The framework of conceptual model develops the information systems as abstract models around which an organization environment is created (Davies et al, 2006). The conceptual model emphasizes the applications of the system rather than its functioning and implementation. Conceptual model is broadly termed as abstract model of the information systems. It finds widespread uses in modeling of electronic systems which are modeled in the form of circuits and systems. Circuit analysis techniques aid in representation of the systems in the form of conceptual models. These models then aid in solving various complex problems in industries like huge power plants and circuit boards designing. Purposes of Conceptual Modeling The purposes of the conceptual modeling are described below. Helping analysts in terms of perceiving the domain of enterprise Aiding communication between users and developers of the system Providing valuable input for the process of design and development Recording the origi nal requirements for referencing them in the future Importance of Conceptual Modeling The electronic systems have been part of many large industries and business environments. In past, the analysts employed vague methods for analyzing systems and always came up with wrong results and hence errors were found in implementations. They must analyze the users’ requirements in electronic systems with some formal approach that perceives the system in abstract manner. However, the analysts could understand the issue with the discovery of such method which could bring satisfactory results. They couldn’t manage to waste too much time in finding novel methods. The idea of conceptual models was developed that aids in timely detection of errors in analysis of systems and proceeds for correct implementation (Wand & Weber, 2002). Process of Conceptual Modeling The importance of conceptual models can be easily comprehended from its role in treating systems’ development. This pr ocess consists of analysis, design and implementation. Analysis section transforms the real world information system into the framework of conceptual model of the system. The design is related to conversion of conceptual model of the subject into information system. Implementation step is related to conversion of the information system into an implemented information system. Conceptual Modeling Language Conceptual modeling language (CML) is involved that defines various rules and regulations for representing components of the developed model. The components used in conceptual modeling of the system contain activities, relationships, entities, processes and objects. The CML shouldn’t be too restrictive to diminish the aspects found for the relevant systems. The modeling should take into consideration all the properties and dimensions of the system. It shouldn’t be too complex either making the situation rather complex (Lindsay et al, 2003). Conceptual Modeling Sources T he conceptual modeling can be drawn from the models of wisdom and general knowledge. Three sources are normally mentioned for making conceptual models

The Waiting Years Essay Example for Free

The Waiting Years Essay The passage from the â€Å"The Waiting Years† reveals a bleak look into the earlier years of Shirakawa, who had worked as a government official. It also reveals dedication of moving from moving from one assignment to another and how difficult that time period must have been for the family. When we hear about the winter months, and how Shirakawa’s mother died, we understand what a hardship the winter months must have been for them, and get a direct link between feelings of guilt on Shirakawas’s part, from the quote and his mother’s passing but we also learn the importance of work and family loyalty. The family crest description offers a deep respect for the family members when the author describes the shrine, concealed in a black lacquer safe, emblazoned with the family crest in gold and it demonstrates a wonderful respect for the family member who had earlier passed on, when the passage speaks about the custom. Tomo acted in a very responsible manner, and it seemed that she had no other choice, but to keep a keen eye on the family property and she was going to do so and hear what she need to know with her own ears. Tomo had taken on the custom of dealing with all business matters concerning the rent on the houses and the land in this Buddhist retreat, tuck away at the back of the house. We also learn that there was more land that belonged to the family, and they had an acre or so each, which brought in a lot of money for the family and we understand that she had to watch out for those who defaulted on the property .

Ambition, Greed, Power, and Wealth in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Greed for Power and Wealth in Macbeth  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   The play Macbeth, by William Shakespeare illustrates how greed for power and wealth can result in the destruction of oneself as well as others.   The play's central character, Macbeth is not happy as a high-ranking thane - leading him to assassinate Duncan to become King, while unknowingly dooming himself.   Throughout the play many examples are evident of Macbeth's unquenchable thirst for power.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the beginning of the play, Macbeth was a kind and gentle person.   The only time he killed is when he was in battle.   Macbeth was loyal to the King (Duncan), and did as he wished.   In battle, he kills a traitor to the Scotland who was a high ranking individual.   For killing the traitor so bravely, Macbeth is awarded the title the Thane of Cawdor. The irony of this situation is that the title first did indeed belonged to 'a most disloyal traitor'(pg. 3, line 53). As Macbeth heads home with his new title and a lot more ambition. This is mainly because of the three witches who tell him he will be king.   With this new ambition, Macbeth did not know what to think and he wrote a letter to his wife.   By Macbeth writing this letter it showed at this stage he was still loyal because he still was sharing everything with his wife.   Macbeth at this point still did not have a lust for power.           Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What drove him to become a power hungry tyrant was his wife.   She put ideas in his head that changed him.   A day before Macbeth would not speak of the idea of killing the king and now he was considering it.   By killing the Duncan, gaining the title and king, and not being caught, Macbeth was given an enormous boost.   He now felt invincible and let power finally get to him and corrupt him.   With this new amount of power, Macbeth was not willing to let it slip away.   To protect his power, he did whatever was necessary.   Macbeth cowardly had Banquo killed, going against everything he ever believed in.   Killing Banquo was not enough for Macbeth.   Shakespeare shows to the audience how power can make a person go higher in the world but at the same time make them more vulnerable.   Macbeth was now vulnerable, to solve this he sent the murderers to kill Macduff.

Emma by Jane Austen Essay

The selected passage from the eighth chapter is a part of the dialogue between Emma and Mr. Knightly, based on Harriet and Mr. Robert Martin’s match making issue, which is strongly condemned by Emma on the basis of difference of social and intellectual status between Harriet and Mr. Martin but Mr. Knightly supports Mr. Martin for being comparatively more respectable and dignified as he is a self-made farmer as compared to Harriet who had grown as an illegitimate child. This passage holds certain biased female gender statements by Jane Austen which lifted the rhetorical expertise of her novel with the immensity and intensity to create a difference in the opinion of a general public and also of an individual, who had possessed the conventional views of the rigid class structure and orthodox ideas of overlooking women as mere symbols of fanciful appearances. Emma appears with a strong debate for advocating about the intellectual ability of a woman and adamantly suggests the men of her era to become aware of this point of view of a woman being conscious about their individual identity. Mr. Knightly on the other hand speaks justly on behalf of the men of developing class of the society who could equally possess the status of gentlemen in the society. Thus this argument was more of a social debate that led both the characters argue logically against certain beliefs of the society that needed to be reformed to let the people grow more as individuals than as just the product of social and conventional beliefs. Austen surprises her readers when Emma acknowledges the superiority of Harriet over Mr. Martin for her individual intellectual capabilities despite her illegitimate identity of parental background that was mentioned as her handicap in the social status by Mr. Knightly. This manner of expression by Austen discovered a new dimension of analysis and execution of the subject in the novel writing in the eighteenth century literature, which was based on reality but focused through the psychology of the characters. This psychological realism of Jane Austen let her penetrate the minds of the people who existed in the limited sphere around her but even this limited world provided her with the vastness and variety of hidden and suffocated ideas that yearned to expressed openly since ages. As compared to her contemporary or predecessor novelists Jane Austen enjoyed an edge of being more innovative and meticulous in the accomplishment of her subject. Her dexterity in weaving the plots of her novels which have mostly been based on several characters interrelated with each other through the complexities of their thinking and believing, proved her magnitude of apprehension and deep analysis of the variety of people she had observed around her. In â€Å"A History of English Literature† written by Emile Legouis, and Louis Cazamian and Raymond Las Vergnas, Jane Austen has been compared with her contemporary novelist Miss Burney and they have been specifically compared for their distinct manner of expression and choice of the fate of their somewhat similar (or rather conventional) subjects, which mostly dealt with the issues of love, status of the characters and ultimately ending in successful marriages. But Jane Austen has been praised for her rather mature â€Å"clear-sighted eyes† that could â€Å"read through the inner minds of those who live around her, or of the beings whom she invents and animates just as if those minds are transparent†; whereas Miss Burney’s world of novels were more of a depiction of her time and the society that she moved in and about how would a woman succeed through the critical events of her life to achieve a happy marriage. Jane Austen’s world of her novel was more of a depiction of the heroine’s world and how her thoughts, beliefs and notions critically evaluated the world in which she dwelled. Thus Austen’s world is operated through the mind of her heroine whom she provided with a wide range of liberty to interact with a variety of people and also to develop notions about them. This was a perplexed mode of expression which Austen successfully accomplished in most of her novels. Surprisingly Jane Austen’s apathy about the socio-political scenario of her time never inculcated her knowledge to an extent to show a vivid impact in her writings. She remained quite ignorant about the after math of the French Revolution and the emerging Romantic traits of intellect and expression in the field of art and literature. Her sole focus had been on how to read and depict the variable minds of the people who lived with or around her and she believed in expressing for the suffocated thoughts and ideas of the muted minds. She preferred to remain aloof from the moral and social code of conduct in the matter of her psychological analysis she would analyze and deal with the most sensitive aspects that were more felt and less expressed by the people of her time. This is the reason why Emma speaks in favor of Harriet and rates her quite high in an intellectual status as compared to Mr. Martin, despite the fact that Harriet had no legitimate parenthood to satisfy her high social status. The expression of reality requires the cohesion in the acquisition of thoughts that cause concrete notions in our mind and then it requires coherence in the process of development of such potent thoughts that cause the need for an expression. Austen must have deeply observed the psyche of the women of her surroundings to be subtle enough to create Emma or perhaps Austen animated her as a mixture of such women who spent more time in knowing others than knowing themselves. For many readers Austen’s novels are limited and based on almost claustrophobic room of action that gives us a strong sense of the confined nature of a woman’s existence in early-nineteenth-century rural England, but in the social context, Austen’s commitment to reason and moderation can be seen as feminist and progressive rather than conservative. And her profound hypothesis of the varied psychologies of people from different groups of society enabled her to create intelligent and resourceful heroines who stand in constant contrast to the limits of the constricted world of courtship and marriage defining their sphere of action.

Bildungsroman in Huckleberry Finn

According to Merriam-Webster, a bildungsroman is â€Å"a novel about the moral and psychological growth of the main character. † Huckleberry Finn is an ideal example for this type of character. Just from his simple changing perception of slaves, especially Jim considering that he lives in such a racist and restrictive society. Huckleberry Finn is an illustration of a bildungsroman because he overcomes many stereotypes and preconceived notions about slaves and blacks. His changing and growing personality is displayed throughout the novel and shapes the theme of tolerance that is shown. Huckleberry Finn’s view of Jim at the beginning of the novel is very typical of what any perception would be of a slave during this time period. He thinks of Jim just as Miss Watson’s slave; not a person and definitely not a friend. However, when he and Jim find each other and go out to the island, this is when Huck begins to see Jim as a person, not just a slave. This was a major step because Huck grew up with the notion that slaves were less than him, and he reversed that stereotype within his mind. When he must make the decision whether to reveal the whereabouts of Jim, Huck states, â€Å"It was a close place. I took . . . up [the letter I'd written to Miss Watson], and held it in my hand. I was a-trembling, because I'd got to decide, forever, betwixt two things, and I knowed it. I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: â€Å"All right then, I'll go to hell†Ã¢â‚¬â€and tore it up. It was awful thoughts and awful words, but they was said. And I let them stay said; and never thought no more about reforming. He could have done what he was supposed to and make Jim return to Miss Watson, but instead he goes against what is considered ‘right’ in his society, and does what is right, which is a massive step and this displays how Huckleberry Finn is a bildungsroman. At the beginning of the novel, Tom Sawyer convinces Huck that in order to become one of the ‘robbers gang,’ he must also become â€Å"sivilized† by the Widow. Huck goes along with this situation for some time, until he decides that just because Tom and the Widow want him to, doesn’t mean this is right for him. He goes against the grain of society and leaves, which was quite a bold move for a young boy to make. This is not only an example of bildungsroman, but also is a loss of innocence. Throughout the novel, Huck is constantly exposed to concepts and decisions way past what he should be able to handle. At the end of the novel, Aunt Sally makes an attempt to â€Å"sivilize† him, which Huck rejects after the attempts that the Widow and Miss Watson made. He says, â€Å"I reckon I got to light out for the Territory ahead of the rest, because Aunt Sally she’s going to adopt me and sivilize me, and I can’t stand it. I been there before. He instead decides to keep exploring, but instead go west. Huck defies everything that he knows about society of the time and does what he thinks is right for him, which is monumental for not only a young boy, but any person in general. Bildungsroman is one of the key aspects of Huckleberry Finn and it drives the novel as well as the charac ter. Huck Finn develops and matures throughout the novel in his perception of Jim and his decision to go against the grain of society in the Southern 1830s and 1840s. Huck Finn is an exemplary piece of literature to display bildungsroman and its impact on a story and its characters.

How does Austen use her writin essays

How does Austen use her writin essays How does Austen use her writing style to reflect her views on the society she lives in? Novelist of the Georgian era encouraged moral principals and realism. There was little of great literary value published in the latter half of the eighteenth century, and it was only when Austen and Sir Walter Scott began to work and publish that the novel began to gain prominence. Austen was always a social satirist and realist. Austen has been criticised for the small world it encompasses and vaunted for its accurate depiction of life in Home Counties England. Austens success, however, stems from writing about what she knew. By focusing her writing on her own geographical area and social circle, her attention to detail was absorbed in creating character: living, breathing characters who inhabit the novels with an incomparable depth and individuality. Austen narrates in the third person, predominantly observing the action and enlargement of plot from the viewpoint of the central character and privy to her thoughts and feelings alone. The omniscient narrator is aware of all, but concentrates her attention upon the main character. This style of writing allows an immense deal of observational humour largely through the ironic distance it creates. The narrator infrequently steps away from Emmas point of view which is vital for the ironic humour to be maintained. Occasionally the reporting of Emmas thoughts allows moments of high ironic comedy. Through the development of Emma, Austen is able to effectively criticize the intense snobbery of the upper class that existed in English society during the Georgian era. The first example that illustrates the snobbery of English society is shown through Emma's opinion and treatment of Robert Martin, a lower class farmer. Mr. Martin wishes to marry Harriet Smith, a good friend of Emma, so he sends Harriet a very sincere letter of proposal. Emma, however, urges Harriet to refuse M...

Its National Grammar Day

Its National Grammar Day Its National Grammar Day Its National Grammar Day By Sharon If youre reading this blog, then youll be happy to know that we have our own day. The Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar (SPOGG), has designated March 4th National Grammar Day. The Society says its for pen-toters appalled by wanton displays of Bad English and for people who crave good, clean English. We are those people, so check out SPOGG and their blog. (Im having a Dr Seuss moment.) Editor note: This was supposed to get published yesterday; our apologies. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. Had"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?Uses of the Past Participle

Importance of training in legal requirements, diversity, employee Assignment

Importance of training in legal requirements, diversity, employee growth - Assignment Example Majority of the companies and the workforce are under some aspect of legal ruling. Statistics show that many people are still in the dark in matters to do with the law. Training in legal requirement will allow the employee and the employer to protect themselves from tyranny (Mathews, 2001). This will ensure that the employees follow the regulations at all times. By being familiar with these requirements, one might have a better chance of defending him or herself. There are several laws that the federal government requires or recommends for employee and organization training. One law in which training is required is the health and occupational safety. This will promote health and safety in the working environment and, thus, is of utmost benefit. Employees will be motivated as they know their health and safety is taken care of. Legal requirement also addresses the issues on ethics and sexual harassment. There have been cases in which employers are held responsible for sexual harassment. This happens in the situation where the organization has failed to exercise care to prevent and correct such behaviors within the work environment (Mathews, 2001). It is crucial for the company to understand the laws that apply to their everyday activities. Training can minimize the employer’s liability if an employee is guilty of a criminal offence. It is also essential to know the legal requirements that your company must comply with such as contracts, licenses, registrations and leases. The knowledge of legal requirements will enable the company to avert lawsuits and be better positioned should such an event occur. An organization that practices effective an ethics program and compliance decreases its fines for conviction by up to 90 percent (Dessler, 2004). Teaching legal requirements to the company also entails covering legal problems that one may encounter such as insurance,

Current Event Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Event - Research Paper Example -related hooded sweatshirt and â€Å"up to no good.† Although not all specific facts of this case are known and may never be, enough evidence has been presented to make some rational conclusions. The general public was not aware of Martin’s killing for a week after it happened. The story didn’t go national for another week. Since then, the media frenzy has focused on three basic questions; who started the fight, did Zimmerman fear for his life and how impartial were Stanford, Florida law enforcement officials in response to this case? The mainstream news coverage, though very thorough, has not been able to or hasn’t ventured to answer these important questions conclusively. To answer the impartiality question theorize if the police, prosecutors and local press would have reacted differently if the races were reversed. Yes. No hesitation in anyone’s mind, not even among the right-wing media. The answers to the other two questions are almost if not as certain. Much depends on what Zimmerman did after the dispatcher told him â€Å"we don’t need you to do that† instructing him not to follow Martin. Zimmerman responded â€Å"ok† bu t what did he do? The unelected, unofficial self-appointed neighborhood â€Å"watchman† continued to follow Martin who was on the phone with his girlfriend well after the directive for Zimmerman to stop. Had he followed that directive, Martin would not have died that night. As for feeling threatened, it was Martin who was being pursued. He was fearful for his safety and may or may not have reacted physically as he was approached by a stranger in the dark. One of the last things Martin’s girlfriend hears before the phone and her boyfriend went dead was him saying â€Å"why are you following me?† Good question for local police and the prosecuting attorney. Zimmerman is hanging his hopes of not being hung on Florida’s â€Å"stand your ground† law. If he can prove self defense he is set free which is, by the grace of skin tone, his

Critical Response to an Analysis of the Tempest by Shakespeare Research Paper

Critical Response to an Analysis of the Tempest by Shakespeare - Research Paper Example Wylie explains how the play shows that the discourses of colonialism and geography were already complex in the early seventeenth century. He calls it the â€Å"foundational colonial allegory† which is narrated by the ruler of the island, Prospero. Prospero recalls how he was usurped by his brother Antonio and King of Naples, Alonso who were shipwrecked but Prospero and his daughter Miranda reach the current island from which he speaks. The island was completely deserted except for one person whom they found, named, Caliban. Although Caliban owns the land, Prospero compels Caliban to start serving Prospero and consider him his master through his magical powers. This is indicative of the fact that the colonial forces always created an environment for the native people to feel obliged towards the settlers from abroad. The island which Shakespeare sketches in the play is probably one of the islands from the late sixteenth century located in the Mediterranean or the West Atlantic w hich shows how colonialism was a matter of history.

Tesco Nature Scope And Purpose Of Strategic Management

Tesco Nature Scope And Purpose Of Strategic Management INTRODUCTION Tesco started as a one-man business in Londons East End. Tesco was founded by Jack Cohen, son of a Polish Jewish tailor. He sold groceries in the markets of the East End from 1919. The Tesco brand first appeared in 1924. The name derived after Jack Cohen bought a large shipment of tea from T.E. Stockwell (formerly Messrs Torring and Stockwell of Mincing Lane), he made new labels by using the first three letters of the suppliers name and the first two letters of his surname forming the word TESCO. The first Tesco store was opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Edgware, and London. The firm was floated on the London Stock Exchange on 23 December 1947. The first Tesco self-service store opened in 1948 in St Albans and is still trading in 2006 as a Tesco Metro store.The first Tesco supermarket was opened in 1956 in a converted cinema in Maldon, Essex. Tescos first superstore was opened in 1968 in Crawley, West Sussex. The group began selling petrol in 1974 and its annual turnover reached one billion pounds in 1979. Also In 1975 Tesco opened one of its first Hypermarkets in Irlam. The first Hypermarket under the Extra name opened in 1997. EXPANSION: In 1994, the company took over the Scottish supermarket chain William Low. Tesco successfully fought off Sainsburys for control of the Dundee-based firm, which operated 57 stores north of the border, paving the way for Tesco to expand its weak presence in Scotland. To the present day, Tesco has based its Scottish headquarters at the former Wm. Low offices in Dundee. From small beginnings in Scotland Inverness was recently branded as Tescotown, since an estimated 50p in every  £1 spent on food is believed to be spent in the three Tesco stores within the city. (Nationally, it is estimated that 1 in every  £8 is the proportion spent) It introduced a loyalty card branded Clubcard in 1995 and later an Internet shopping service. During the 1990s it expanded into Central Europe, Ireland and East Asia. In July 2001 it became involved in internet grocery retailing in the USA when it obtained a 35% stake in GroceryWorks. In October 2003 it launched a UK telecoms division, comprising of mobile and home phone services, to complement its existing internet service provider business. In August 2004, it also launched a broadband service. NATURE, SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT NATURE: Tesco opened its first store in Edgware, North London in 1929.It is founded by John Cohen and T. E. Stockwell. Tesco mainly used strategies to build customer loyalty. It reached the  £billion pound turnover in 1979.It became the first UK business to reach  £2 billion pound and became the largest retailer in UK. STRATEGY: According to Johnson and Scholes strategy is defined as the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term; which achieves advantage for the organisation through it configuration of resources within a changing enviroment,to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations. Tescos growth over the last two or three decades has involved a transformation of its strategy and image. Its initial success was based on the Pile it high, sell it cheap approach of the founder Jack Cohen. The disadvantage of this was that the stores had a poor image with middle-class customers. In the late 1970s Tescos brand image was so negative that consultants advised the company to change the name of its stores. It did not accept this advice, yet by early 2005 it was the largest retailer in the United Kingdom, with a 29.0% share of the grocery market according to retail analysts TNS Super Panel, compared to the 16.8% share of ASDA and 15.6% share of third-placed Sainsburys, which had been the market leader until it was overtaken by Tesco in 1995. Key to success: Focus on customers. Focus heavily on value for money. Finest and low price. Core UK business. Non-food business. Retailing services. International Expansion. SCOPE According to Mintzberg and Quinn there are five definitions if strategy Strategy as a plan Strategy as a pattern Strategy as a position Strategy as a perspective Strategy as a ploy Tescos growth over the last two or three decades has involved a transformation of its strategy and image. Its initial success was based on the Pile it high, sell it cheap approach of the founder Jack Cohen. Levels of planning Planning of strategy in any organisation is categorised into three levels: Top level planning: this is done by the top management and is termed as strategic planning. It is a long range planning and is linked to long range goals. Second level planning: This is carried out by senior executives and is termed as tactical planning. The plans are devised to achieve the organisations main objectives. The long-range plans of the organisation are segmented and are oriented to functions and departments. Third level planning: This is the concern of the departmental managers and supervisors and is called activity planning or operational planning. It is confined to short term activities and also individual assignments and establishes performance of the organisation. Corporate strategy: It is concerned with the overall purpose and scope of the business to meet stake holder expectations. It is often expressed as mission statement of the organisation. The companys mission statement reads, Our core purpose is, To create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. We deliver this through our values, No-one tries harder for customers, and Treat people how we like to be treated'. The underlying aim is of course to make higher profits, but there is a clear focus on customer service at the top level of the company. Business strategy: It is concerned with how a business competes successfully in a particular market. Tescos business strategy is to Expand overseas Maintain a strong uk business Expand into non-food merchandise Operational strategy: It is concerned with the operations to deliver the corporate and business strategy of the organisation. Tesco has its every little helps strategy to make both its employees and customers happy while achieving the organisational goals. PURPOSE Tesco adopts its strategy with a core purpose to create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. This is expressed as two key values. No one tries harder for customers Treat people as we like to be treated. Tesco positions all its resources with a purpose to satisfy this strategy while achieving its organisational goals. PROCESS FOR DEVELOPING STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT While the corporate strategy of an organisation sets the objectives for different businesses; business strategy deals with individual sections of the overall business and the operational strategy directs and determines each function of the organisation. The process of business strategy of Tesco can be outlined as: Stating and understanding The Companys vision. Stating and understanding The Companys mission. Analysing the business environment. Crafting and evaluation of strategy. Implementation, monitoring and control. VISION Tescos vision can be clearly understood in the statement of its CEO Terry Leahy we have got only 5% of the non-food market in Britain, we have got only 6% of the convenience market and we have got only 2-3% of the banking market In all these examples we could be much bigger. This statement clearly presents the idea where Tesco wants to be in the future. MISSION A mission statement spells out the central purpose and shared values of a business organisation. Mission of Tesco is To create value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty which is delivered through two key values no one tries harder for customers and treat people how they like to be treated. ANALYSIS OF THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT For the formulation of strategy, it is necessary to analyse the organisational environment. These would include political, economic, social and technological factors. According to Johnson and Scholes: Managers face difficulties in trying to understand the environment. First, the environment encapsulates many different influences; the difficulty is making sense of this diversity in a way which can contribute to strategic decision making. A simple analysis of the business environment so Tesco involves three aspects: Analysing Internal capabilities and resources(core competencies) Analysing external environment by PEST Analysis Analysing the competitive environment by Porters five forces Core Competencies Core competences relate to those resources and capabilities if the firm which enable to Attain a competitive edge in the market According to Johnson and Scholes core competencies create and sustain the ability to meet the critical success factors of particular customer groups better than other providers in ways that are difficult to imitate. Tesco identifies core competencies by three factors: Creation of new products and services which provides potential access to a wide variety of markets. Skill which makes a significant contribution to the perceived customer benefits of the end product. competitive unique skills which are difficult for competitors to imitate PEST ANALYSIS The external environment of an organisation is analysed by PEST analysis. It helps to identify the key changes that are taking place around the organisation and which influence it in the future. A PEST Analysis looks at Political Factors Economic factors Social factors Technological factors The following is the PEST Analysis for Tesco Political Factors Risks of potential competition commission enquiry GM- Food EU competition Law Economic Factors Intensive price competition between the large supermarkets Cost of products keep falling because of strengthening buying power Socio cultural factors Organic foods and drink Customer concerns about GM food, allergies and additives Animal welfare policies Environmental policies and practices Technological Factors Radio Frequency identity technology in operation of its supply chain Radio barcode technology for tagging cases. Self service check-out system. PORTERS FIVE FORCES Porters five forces are used to analyse the external environment of an organisation and to determine the attractiveness of the market. The five forces are: The bargaining power of customers The bargaining power of suppliers The threat of new entrants The threat of substitute products The intensity of competitive rivalry Bargaining power of customers The buying power of customers may influence Tesco to force prices down. This may lead to competition where the other rivals may also bring down the prices. Tesco should maintain the customer loyalty to stop them from drifting to others. Bargaining power of suppliers Demand of suppliers to pay high prices for their goods. Recently, the agitation by the dairy farmers to get high price for milk is an example. But market giants like Tesco has an overwhelming advantage over their suppliers where they dictate the price they pay their suppliers. Threat of new entrants Supermarket chains like Tesco manage the threat of new entrants by imposing barriers to entry. This is achieved by paying high price to suppliers and buying large volumes of goods. This makes Tesco to supply goods at cheaper prices to its customers where it corners the new entrants. Tesco also has the advantage of economies of scale. Threat of substitute products Tesco faces the threat of cutting down the prices of groceries and goods by other giants like Asda and Sainsbury. This may lead to lowering of prices where the buyer gets an advantage. Intensity of competitive rivalry Retail industry is the one where the profit margins are low and the competition is high. According to classical economics, rivalry between companies should drive profits to zero. All the above mentioned factors impact the intensity of competition for Tesco. Asda, Sainsburys, Morrisons and others with their expansion plans and strategies are making the competition tough. Their disciplined approach towards prices setting is preventing the destruction in profit war. Environmental evaluation of Tesco The environmental audit is reliant on the monitoring activity undertaken by the organisation. It includes Market intelligence Largest supermarket chain with a market capitalisation of  £26.037bn New strategies for mergers and expansion plans to US Effective and low prices Continuous monitoring and direct information on the sales figures in stores Efficient maintenance of customer loyalty. Technical intelligence RFID technology for supply chain management EPOs and Bar-coding technology Extension of RFID technology for tagging the cases through out the supply chain by 2007. Effective implementation of one in front policy at the tills to satisfy the customers. Acquisition intelligence Decision of receding from the bid to takeover Safeway. Expansion plans for US Other issues Convenience stores according to the needs of the people Decisions regarding the environmental issues Crafting a strategy By considering the above factors Tesco clearly crafted a strategy that keeps it in the leading position in all the aspects: The selected strategy of Tesco is To provide all the customers with excellent value and choice in UK business which is its biggest market and where Tesco enjoys top slot. Having a six element approach to be an international retailer while focusing on satisfaction of needs of the different local customers. KEY FACTORS FOR DEVELOPING STRATEGY The key factors for an organisation are those which exist within an environment and may generate a need for change. These are triggers for change in the organisation. The following is a brief description of the key factors which may lead to strategic change in Tesco. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Macro environmental analysis increases awareness of the relevant environmental changes at managerial level. This enhances strategic planning. Macro environmental analysis further focuses attention on the primary influences of strategic change and provides anticipation to opportunities and carefully develops responses to change. The following are the external environmental factors which pose challenges to Tesco High energy costs High recovery costs Improving position of competitors Risks of the potential competition commission enquiry Growing cautiousness among consumers STAKEHOLDERS Stakeholders can be defined as As those individual actors and parties, organisations and professions and institutions that have a bearing on the behaviour of the organisation as revealed in its policies and actions on the environment. Stakeholders can be divided into two categories; Those view the organisation externally Those have an internal interest External stakeholders for Tesco are competitiors, customers, suppliers, shareholders government departments etc.They judge the efficiency and try to influence its activities. So Tesco always determines the outputs required by the stakeholders. Internal stakeholders for Tesco are the owners, managers and employees. In large companies like Tesco there are thousands of shareholders who have a vested interest in the success of the business. MEDIA Media plays a very important role in an organisations strategy. It works in two ways; Interest in the success of the organisation and its subsequent positive feedback Interest in the proposed developments Tesco notifies well that the influence of effective public relations on the opinions of a wide range of groups will enhance the likelihood of success for its strategy. So it always maintains good relations with the media. Tescos media centre contain the latest news releases, images and briefing notes. Their latest TV ad campaign can also be viewed from their video library. The media people can also access to their media centre for easy access to the latest developments. LEGAL Organisations need to anticipate and prepare themselves for changes in legal procedures. The potential competition commission enquiry and other regulations are important legal factors which can influence retail sector now.Tesco has all the legal resources which enables it to respond to such changes well in advance and as a part of its developing strategy. ETHICAL These are the moral principles that should govern human relations and conduct. These are very important considerations in formulating strategy which involve subjective personal feelings about human behaviour. Tesco identifies as one of the key factors in its strategy and accepts this with enthusiasm and commitment. EDUCATIONAL In the present business scenario, the capacity to transmit knowledge through devices as the internet has become formidable. The most important and interesting aspect of the improvement in education and subsequent growth of knowledge has been the increasing professionalism of workforces in an organisation. Tesco understand this well and implements it in the improvement of skills of its human resources. It conducts training programmes a least two times a year. POLITICAL Political factors generally effect the organisation in two ways. One driven by the government pr by the multinational political initiatives and another concerned with the political shifts within the particular business environment. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS The following are the factors that are instrumental to the internal environment of Tesco. Organisational policy The mission statement of an organisation sets out the purpose of a business The mission statement of an organisation is refined over the time to reflect the developed or enhanced capabilities of the business .The following are the purpose statements for Tesco which gives a clear picture of its policy Scope of an organisations activities is a fundamental element of strategy. Tescos scope relates to the extent of the market into which it sells its products and services. It is already the largest retailer in UK and is planning to expand to US .It has already wide markets in Europe and Asia. A key consideration for a firm is to identify what areas of activity to pursue in its markets. Tesco targets customers of all ages with its products and services ranging from food, household products and retail to insurance and personal finance. An important aspect of strategy is for a company to identify the positions held by their products and services in the market place. Tesco has already built a very strong businesses over the time with very strong market positions. Each and every one of them has huge potential for further growth. Human resources Tesco is the largest private sector employer in UK. Tesco is the largest private sector employer in UK. It employs 250,000 staff alone in the UK and 367,000 staff worldwide. It has 2365 stores all over the world. Tesco employs about 11,000 employees every year. It recruits about 80 to 150 graduates each year to two training schemes one store and one office based. It recruits by in-store advertising, events in local areas. and recommendations From existing employees through an employee referral scheme. These employees are the need for effective communication in the field of management. Financial resources As per the statistics of 2006 Tesco is the fourth largest retailer in the world. Its market capitalisation was  £26.035 billion which was the largest of any retailer based outside the united states. Tesco also has got tremendous property portfolio. It does its own development and owns about 85 of all its assets around the world. And always Tesco invests a lot in its property. According to company authorities over the next five years its property value will be  £5 billion and still be a predominantly freehold property company. All these factors are described as the key factors for Tesco DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS Strategy whether developed for a whole organisation or for an operating department or a team follows the same building process .Its central concern is to create a long-term vision of where we want to be or what we would like to become .Strategy that an organisation adopts should be feasible and practicable. Its pulling power is extremely important to survive in the tough competitive environment where an organisation operates .The art of strategic development involves a set of sophisticated tools to facilitate the process. The following is a brief context of different strategic options for TESCO and their evaluation. PEST ANALYSIS To develop a strategy for an organisation to assure its long-term effectiveness it should carry an analysis about its future. For this PEST Analysis is the best tool. It carries analysis of four or six major factors which can effect the organisation in future .TESCO which is the largest player in retail sector carries PEST Analysis to analyse the external factors which may affect in the future .The following is the PEST Analysis for TESCO: Political and legal considerations Risks of potential commission enquiry TESCO may face the risk of the potential commission enquiry in future which aims to curb the unhealthy competition in the retail sector. GM-Food With increasing awareness in the consumers all over the world TESCO may face the risk with Green peace workers regarding the labelling of genetically modified foods. . EU Competition Law EU Competition Law constituted to regulate monopoly power may impact TESCO and its expansion in the European Union in the near future. Economic considerations Intensive price competition between the large supermarkets Cost of products keep falling because of strengthening buying power Social Factors Organic foods and drink Consumers growing concerns about the organic food and drinks may influence in near future Customer concerns about GM food, allergies and additives With growing cautiousness and discontent about the GM food and use of allergic causing agents and additives in the manufacture of food may show impact Animal welfare policies Animal welfare policies which oppose the testing of the products on animals Environmental policies and practices Green peace workers and changing concerns about environmental issues. Technological Factors Radio Frequency identity technology in operation of its supply chain Use of RFID technology in its supply chain helps TESCO to efficiently carry its operations and maintain its position. Radio barcode Technology for tagging cases. Use of Radio barcode Technology to tag the cases and extending this technique to the entire chain by the end of 2007 will show an impact on operations in TESCO. Self-service checkout system SWOT Analysis IT is a commonly used tool .Its main purpose is to locate the organisation in its operating environment and try to assess its internal and external capabilities and vulnerabilities. SWOT stand for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths are internal and opportunities are environmental. Similarly weaknesses are internal and threats are environmental. The following is the SWOT analysis for TESCO Strengths These are the strengths of TESCO TESCO s Brand name Loyal customers Largest player in the retail sector Well established supply chain Excellent ware housing capability Largest online grocer Great store locations Skilled work force Club card scheme for enhancing customer loyalty. Weaknesses These are the weaknesses of TESCO Vast usage of fossil fuel in transport chain and super market heating systems Lack of integration between departments at certain times Opportunities These are the opportunities where TESCO can explore in future Improving customer relationships Real growth opportunity for grocery retailing in the newly enlarged European Union. Increasing sales through better integration of high street and internet resources Threats These are the threats that might affect TESCO in the future. High energy costs Increasing taxes on retail items Expansion of low cost supermarkets like LIDL. Recovering competitions like Sainsburys and Morrisons. A weakening economy An increase in unemployment PORTERS GENERIC STRATEGIES After establishing the strengths and weaknesses of the organisation and analysing the competitive environment, we have to establish the generic strategy of the organisation. No set of the strategic tools will be complete without a look at Michael porters generic strategies. Porter advocates, Gaining and maintaining competitive advantage The three generic strategies of Porter are Differentiation This is a strategy where the organisation offers a product or service which is unique compared with those of its competitors .This differentiation must be known to at least a segment of the market. Cost Leadership This is a strategy where the organisation enables itself to provide the products or services at a cost less than any other competitive organisation. It is the ability the organisation has to price below competitors if and when it needs so. Focus This is a strategy where the organisation targets its products or services at a given sector of the market with great accuracy and with a depth of capability and knowledge to support its position in the sector. In the retail sector with a very low profit margin the environment is hypercompetitive .TESCO being the largest player adopts the Cost Leadership strategy to challenge its competitors. TESCO has all the capabilities to adapt to this strategy. It develops its internal resources and its core competencies to support this strategy. In addition to these a number of generic strategies have emerged to define the modern organisation .The following is a list of the strategies. Reducing cost base Improving quality Getting closer to the customer Shorter cycle times Strategic partnerships Ability to change fast Of the above mentioned generic strategies, TESCO adopts the following: Reducing cost base To cut down the expenses and to increase productivity and efficiency, TESCO adopts this strategy to face the challenges of price war with its competitors, high property costs a and to provide value based products to the customers. Improving quality TESCO always concentrates on improving quality to rule the existing markets. It adopts new techniques and softwares both in the logistics and in-store operations to consistently serve the customers. Getting closer to the customer Customers are whimsical, customers are fickle, customers are not loyal. The ability to anticipate this fickleness is a strategic strength.TESCO understands this well and introduced club card schemes which helps TESCO to have millions of loyal customers. THE ANSOFF MATRIX This is a classic model in strategy building .Its main purpose is to analyse the organisations approaches to its products and to its market to ensure that an appropriate marketing strategy is being pursued .The following is the An off matrix for TESCO Current products New products Current markets Market penetration Improving services Improving quality Product development Expand own brands like The Finest and TESCO Value. Expansion into non-food sector Adding new products to the existing product line New markets Market development International expansion and globalisation Home shopping Developing small express stores Diversification New services Using the Ansoff matrix in conjunction with the BCG matrix, TESCO conducts a useful review of its strategy to achieve its vision. EVALUATION The BCG matrix The Boston Consulting Group matrix is a valuable tool .Its purpose is to analyse the organisations product portfolio. The definitions used in the BCG matrix are very precisely expressed in terms of the generation and use of cash. This makes this matrix a sharp-edged tool. the following are the definitions used in BCG matrix Stars These are the products that are performing well .They are generating positive cash and they usually require continuous update to maintain their market share. Problems These are the products which are not performing and not generating sufficient cash to maintain them in their markets. Cash cows These are the products which are performing well in markets which are growing slowly or are static. They are probably generating more money that can be profitably invested in them. Dogs They have low market share in markets which are growing slowly or are static. They may be consuming more resources to maintain their availability. They need quick decisions. The following is the BCG matrix for Tesco Market share High low Star On-line shopping Organic foods Loyalty cards Non-grocery items New services Problems On-line shopping with demographic analysis Home delivery of products Cash cows Cash cows Branded produ

Informational Essay about Lille, France -- essays research papers

Lille Lille is a city in the north of France. Once know as the Manchester of France, because of its old textile mills. In the 1950’s it was a big coal-mining district, but recently the mines have dried up. Lille is most famous for its textiles as well but other countries make fabrics cheaper Lille- a short brief And faster. One of Lille’s main businesses is a mail order company. They are the apparently the best in France. Lille now has many advantages, main motorways that lead to other countries and around France, it has the euro star running through the city. Lille is right by the border of Belgium. Which means many people can travel from Belgium to Lille for work. There are no more borders gates now. The E.U took them away so more people can travel to the city. The modernisation of Lille took about  £90 million pounds. The e.u paid about  £5 million for the motorways. CONTENTS – Page 1 – introduction and contents (your reading it) Page 2 – how Lille has changed Page 3 - businesses of Lille Page 4 – canal map Page 5 – table to show how many workers (inaccurate) Page 6 - conclusion Page 2 – how Lille has changed Lille has changed in many ways, new roads, industries, offices and businesses. The whole conversion of Lille has made a big improvement on the place. More people can get work, more tourism and more people coming to life in the city. The city has wacky buildings, modern shopping centres and a new mail order that is the best in France. Which was converted from an old textile mill. First it just did clothes but now it did all. Because of the new motorways, you can get to anyway in France from Lille. Great for the mail order company to deliver in 24 hours! Because Lille is so n... ...rrocans. Many of them are having big trouble finding jobs, some of been waiting years for one. There are plenty of offices but not enough people want to start up their own buissness or they do but they just haven’t got the money. But if Lille did manage to find some more labour then the city would greatly improve by a great deal. But since the 1950’s Lille has become quite modern. Lille has suffered ww1 because its close to flanders, it has suffered ww2 because it was right on the border belguims where the germans invaded first because they could not get past frances east defences so they went in from the top. The city has suffered revolution and many more but the current one of course is not enough jobs. I think Lille is quite a nice city though. If they play their cards right they could be as famous as their capital, Paris. Well not quite but close to it.

Descriptive Writing Essay

I could feel a gentle warm breeze that was blowing in from the west, bringing with it a mouth-watering smell of strawberry ice cream. Also with the wind came the enchanting smell of fresh salty air mixed with another smell that I didn’t recognise. The active bustling metropolitan was surrounded by rolling emerald green hills, giants watching over me. In the centre of the city sat a colossal thirty storey skyscraper made purely out of glass and reinforced steel. The city faced the never ending topaz sea: it stretched all the way up to a calm and pleasant lake which glittered over a mile away in the distance. The north section of the city was taken up by imposing skyscrapers and a humming metropolitan of lights and music; a huge building encrusted completely with multi-coloured gems that bathed the city in the reflective luminosity. Nestled at the bottom of the skyscrapers were dozens of magnificent and completely unique cafe’s and bars. The first cafe at the top was a marble building that looked like a mausoleum, with heavy columns. The second bar was completely different- a million lights flashed from every surface. The third cafe was a long, low building with the front made completely of glass that was patterned with hundreds of different patterns, and it had beanbags inside and low coffee tables. Another cabin was covered in flowers that had grown on the walls and doorway and another spectacular cabin was made of solid gold that seemed to glow in the sunlight.

Prenatal and Postpartum Scenario Essay

The following is a daily activity list for the 6 month developmental pregnancy timeline, this consist of three activities if done daily can have a positive effect on your pregnancy and your infant’s future development. What a baby looks like and how it acts, to an extent are determined by nature or heredity. But nurture or a child’s environment all play a role in whom they will become. There are many activities a pregnant mom can do to influence her baby’s environment in a positive manner. Daily exercise throughout the duration of a normal uncomplicated pregnancy can prepare your body for the physical demands of labor, and help to reduce infant stress levels during delivery. According to Strength and Conditioning Journal â€Å"exercising during pregnancy decreases blood pressure, improves self-esteem, and decreases muscle soreness.† â€Å"Research also shows positive fetal responses to daily exercise by improving the baby’s tolerance to stress before and during labor, babies also tend to be more alert and readily self quieted.† (Martens, 2006) A daily exercise goal of walking, swimming or yoga for 20-30 minutes should be set. Avoid secondhand smoke, â€Å"living in a smoky environment is tied to asthma and breathing problems.†(Simons, 2014) â€Å"There have also been recent studies linking smoking while pregnant to increase risk of SID.† (Simons, 2014) If  you smoke or live with someone who does smoke there are smoking cessation programs to help you quit. Depressive symptoms occur in approximately 20% of pregnant women. Maternal health is the key to developing infant’s health. Pregnant women who are depressed have poor sleep habits, decreased appetite these things could result in preterm-birth or low birth weight. â€Å"More than 13% of women take antidepressants during pregnancy, but by doing this it could have a lasting impact on the developing fetus including birth defects, behavioral problems, and autism.†(Tjoa, 2010) More and more physicians and pregnant moms are looking toward non-pharmaceutical ways to treat depression during pregnancy. If you have depression you may seek cognitive behavioral therapy to reduce your symptoms. Postpartum Woman MEMO To: Postpartum Woman From: Mindy Donaldson Date: April 17, 2015 Re: Daily Activity List The daily activities in this memo are meant to help prevent any adjustment difficulties during the postpartum period. As in pregnancy regular physical activity is important during the post partum period, this not only helps with endurance levels and prevention of chronic illness. Physical activity can help to ward off postpartum depression. â€Å"Starting a low impact exercise routine 3-4 days a week should help you to obtain pre-pregnancy weight goals.† (Borodulin, 2009) A healthy diet during the postpartum period is very important for all new mothers. â€Å"Caloric intake should not fall below 1800 calories a day.† (Boyd, 2013) Inadequate caloric intake may increase postpartum fatigue, and have a negative impact on mood. â€Å"Post pregnancy dieting may be accompanied by significant decrease in bone mineral density.† (Boyd, 2013) Postpartum depression affects many women and interrupts their daily  activities and relationships. â€Å"The symptoms of postpartum depression usually begin within one month after childbirth, most commonly feeling depressed or losing interest in daily activities.† (What Is Postpartum Depression, 2014) Postpartum depression is treated with psychotherapy or antidepressants. References Borodulin, E. H. (2009). Physical Activitiy Patterns During Pregnancy Through Postpartum. Womens Health , 32. Boyd, K. (2013). Diet, Nutrition, and Exercise. ARHP . Martens, D. H. (2006). Physiological changes and effects on the mother and fetus. Strength and Conditioning Journal , 78-82. Simons, E. T. (2014). Maternal second-hand smoke exposure in pregnancy is associated with childhood asthma development. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in Practice , 201-207. Tjoa, C. &. (2010). Unipolar depression during pregnancy: Nonpharmacologic treatment options. Women’s Health . What Is Postpartum Depression. (2014). Retrieved from Drugs.com.

Lieutenant General A.P. Hill in the Civil War

Lieutenant General A.P. Hill in the Civil War Born November 29, 1825, at his family plantation near Culpeper, VA, Ambrose Powell Hill was the son of Thomas and Frances Hill. The seventh and final of the couples children, he was named for his uncle Ambrose Powell   Hill (1785-1858) and Indian fighter Captain Ambrose Powell.   Referred to as Powell by his family, he was educated locally during his early years. At age 17, Hill elected to pursue a military career and received an appointment to West Point in 1842.   West Point Arriving at the academy, Hill became close friends with his roommate, George B. McClellan. A middling student, Hill was known for his preference for having a good time rather than academic pursuits. In 1844, his studies were interrupted after a night of youthful indiscretions in New York City. Contracting gonorrhea, he was admitted to the academy hospital, but failed to improve dramatically. Sent home to recover, he would be plagued by the effects of the disease for the remainder of his life, usually in the form of prostatitis. As a result of his health issues, Hill was held back a year at West Point and did not graduate with his classmates in 1846, which included notables such as Thomas Jackson, George Pickett, John Gibbon, and Jesse Reno. Dropping into the Class of 1847, he soon befriended Ambrose Burnside and Henry Heth. Graduating on June 19, 1847, Hill ranked 15th in a class of 38. Commissioned a second lieutenant, he received orders to join the 1st US Artillery which was engaged in the Mexican-American War. Mexico Antebellum Years Arriving in Mexico, Hill saw little action as the bulk of the fighting had finished. During his time there he suffered from a bout of typhoid fever. Returning north, he received a posting to Fort McHenry in 1848. The following year saw him assigned to Florida to aid in fighting the Seminoles. Hill spent the majority of the next six years in Florida with a brief interlude in Texas. During this time, he was promoted to first lieutenant in September 1851. Serving in an unhealthy climate, Hill contracted yellow fever in 1855. Surviving, he received a transfer to Washington, DC to work with the US Coast Survey. While there, he married Kitty Morgan McClung in 1859. This marriage made him brother-in-law to John Hunt Morgan. The marriage came after a failed pursuit of Ellen B. Marcy, daughter of Captain Randolph B. Marcy. She would later marry Hills former roommate McClellan. This would later lead to rumors that Hill fought harder if he thought McClellan was on the opposing side. The Civil War Begins On March 1, with the Civil War looming, Hill resigned his commission in the US Army. When Virginia left the Union the following month, Hill received command of the 13th Virginia Infantry with the rank of colonel. Assigned to Brigadier General Joseph Johnstons Army of the Shenandoah, the regiment arrived  at the First Battle of Bull Run that July but did not see action as it was assigned to guard Manassas Junction on the Confederate right flank. After service in the Romney Campaign, Hill received a promotion to brigadier general on February 26, 1862, and was given command of the brigade formerly belonging to Major General James Longstreet. The Light Division Serving gallantly during the Battle of Williamsburg and the Peninsula Campaign in the spring of 1862, he was promoted to major general on May 26. Taking command of the Light Division in Longstreets wing of General Robert E. Lees army, Hill saw substantial action against his friend McClellans army during the Seven Days Battles in June/July. Falling out with Longstreet, Hill and his division were transferred to serve under his former classmate Jackson. Hill quickly became one of Jacksons most reliable commanders and fought well at Cedar Mountain (August 9) and played a key role at Second Manassas (August 28-30). Marching north as part of Lees invasion of Maryland, Hill began bickering with Jackson. Capturing the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry on September 15, Hill and his division were left to parole the prisoners while Jackson moved to rejoin Lee. Completing this task, Hill and his men departed and reached the army on September 17 in time to play a key role in saving the Confederate right flank at the Battle of Antietam. Retreating south, Jackson and Hills relationship continued to deteriorate. Third Corps A colorful character, Hill typically wore a red flannel shirt in combat which became known as his battle shirt. Taking part in the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, Hill performed poorly and his men required reinforcement to prevent a collapse. With the renewal of campaigning in May 1863, Hill took part in Jacksons brilliant flanking march and attack on May 2 at the Battle of Chancellorsville. When Jackson was wounded, Hill took over the corps before being wounded in the legs and being forced to cede commander to Major General J.E.B. Stuart. Gettysburg With Jacksons death on May 10, Lee began to reorganize the Army of Northern Virginia. In doing so, he promoted Hill to lieutenant general on May 24 and gave him command of the newly formed Third Corps. In the wake of the victory, Lee marched north into Pennsylvania. On July 1, Hills men opened the Battle of Gettysburg when they clashed with Brigadier General John Bufords Union cavalry. Successfully driving back Union forces in concert with Lieutenant General Richard Ewells corps, Hills men took heavy losses. Largely inactive on July 2, Hills corps contributed two-thirds of the troops involved in the ill-fated Picketts Charge the next day. Attacking under the leadership of Longstreet, Hills men advanced on the Confederate left and were bloodily repulsed. Retreating to Virginia, Hill endured perhaps his worst day in command on October 14 when he was badly defeated at the Battle of Bristoe Station.   Overland Campaign In May 1864, Lieutenant Ulysses S. Grant commenced his Overland Campaign against Lee. At the Battle of the Wilderness, Hill came under heavy Union assault on May 5. The next day, Union troops renewed their attack and nearly shattered Hills lines when Longstreet arrived with reinforcements. While fighting shifted south to Spotsylvania Court House, Hill was forced to cede command due to ill health. Though traveling with the army, he played no part in the battle. Returning to action, he performed poorly at North Anna (May 23-26) and at Cold Harbor (May 31-June 12). After the Confederate victory at Cold Harbor, Grant moved to cross the James River and capture Petersburg. Beaten there by Confederate forces, he began the Siege of Petersburg. Petersburg Settling into the siege lines at Petersburg, Hills command turned back Union troops at the Battle of the Crater and engaged Grants men several times as they worked to push troops south and west to cut the citys rail links. Though commanding at Globe Tavern (August 18-21), Second Reams Station (August 25), and Peebles Farm (September 30-October 2), his health began to deteriorate again and his missed actions such as Boydton Plank Road (October 27-28). As the armies settled into winter quarters in November, Hill continued to struggle with his health. On April 1, 1865, Union troops under Major General Philip Sheridan won the key Battle of Five Forks west of Petersburg. The next day, Grant ordered a massive offensive against Lees overstretched lines in front of the city. Surging forward, Major General Horatio Wrights VI Corps overwhelmed Hills troops. Riding to the front, Hill encountered Union troops and was shot in the chest by Corporal John W. Mauck of the 138th Pennsylvania Infantry. Initially buried in Chesterfield, VA, his body was exhumed in 1867 and moved to Richmonds Hollywood Cemetery.